Introduction

This document compares the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) diseases burden for three countries: Botswana, Brazil, and Brunei. We compare the burden due to communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNN), non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and overall disease burden for these countries.

The source data is from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.

Communicable, Maternal, Neonatal, and Nutritional Disease Burden (CMNN)

Table of Estimates for CMNN Burden Over Time

country code 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Botswana BWA 27883.87 30569.367 34416.849 39628.339 45513.321 51962.864 58672.126 65051.267 70891.865 75963.438 80139.347 82855.529 83152.887 79539.428 71217.914 61476.830 56015.124 49420.896 45214.019 40856.840 38023.447 35882.767 33663.536 31592.981 30036.605 28866.345 27704.028 27097.138 26343.61 25443.851
Brazil BRA 13225.13 12673.758 12185.614 11785.299 11354.494 10902.863 10412.660 9862.100 9455.976 9092.276 8735.082 8419.143 8141.936 7902.076 7649.297 7389.195 7144.881 6929.458 6724.427 6531.678 6320.505 6118.744 5908.903 5735.977 5524.620 5370.292 5254.790 5122.277 4979.53 4838.168
Brunei BRN 3495.45 3446.519 3341.416 3238.051 3103.634 2987.819 2869.846 2837.754 2803.444 2782.855 2784.082 2739.412 2737.921 2763.398 2750.798 2727.157 2699.434 2666.461 2645.235 2664.917 2690.871 2760.248 2811.641 2849.234 2860.263 2870.112 2858.086 2795.168 2742.91 2680.201

Summary of CMNN Burden Findings

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Botswana’s DALYs rose sharply from about 27,900 in 1990 to a peak of roughly 83,200 in 2002 before entering a sustained decline back to about 25,400 by 2019, suggesting a substantial but temporary burden spike in the early 2000s.

In contrast, Brazil shows a steady and consistent reduction in DALYs from about 13,200 in 1990 down to roughly 4,840 in 2019, indicating long-term improvements in population health.

Brunei’s DALYs remain comparatively low (around 3,500 in 1990) and exhibit only modest fluctuations over the three decades, reflecting relative stability in its disease burden.

Non-Communicable Disease Burden (NCD)

Table of Estimates for NCD Burden Over Time

DALYs by Country and Year
country code 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Botswana BWA 26190.62 26509.04 27015.22 27528.12 28218.32 28895.38 29361.37 29736.86 30315.12 30743.29 31281.86 31559.43 31665.12 31268.71 30380.28 29328.62 28672.05 27904.02 27746.63 27480.15 27403.35 27281.79 27011.70 26801.49 26616.81 26407.15 26063.55 25947.89 25835.51 25671.73
Brazil BRA 26878.18 26274.16 25980.82 25987.45 25642.50 25320.93 25135.56 24790.31 24678.36 24505.38 24259.14 24054.18 23876.85 23726.83 23577.01 23171.79 22954.68 22684.44 22432.92 22202.47 22005.03 21845.06 21549.33 21327.61 21068.12 20914.63 20920.49 20629.32 20465.81 20309.17
Brunei BRN 29769.74 29192.58 28694.22 28181.41 27201.24 26569.97 25848.91 25972.17 25911.14 25767.12 25561.99 25067.34 24968.82 25113.33 25023.13 24977.85 24710.75 24177.09 23641.58 23597.07 23555.27 23408.48 23299.45 23390.06 23337.90 23250.59 23110.63 22952.47 22834.64 22663.02

Summary of NCD Burden Findings

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Between 1990 and 2019, all three countries saw overall declines in non-communicable disease DALYs, with Brazil showing the most consistent year-on-year reduction from about 26 800 to just over 20 000.

Brunei’s DALYs fell from roughly 29 500 to 22 700, though there was a mid-2000s plateau before renewed improvement.

In contrast, Botswana experienced a pronounced rise in DALYs—peaking near 32 000 in the mid-2000s—before reversing course to end at approximately 25 600, mirroring regional gains in disease control but highlighting a later start.

Overall Disease Burden

Table of Estimates for Overall Disease Burden Over Time

Summary of Overall Disease Burden Findings

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